1. The funds or revenue of a government.
2. The government authority that manages the funds or revenue of a government. e.g., The Treasury is Australia's government ministry that manages the funds or revenue of a government and the policies related with government funds.

The basic functions of the US Department of the Treasury mainly include:

• Producing all currency, coinage and postage stamps of the U.S.;
• Collecting taxes, duties and money paid to and due to the U.S.:
• Paying all bills of the U.S.;
• Managing the federal finances;
• Managing government accounts and the United States public debt;
• Supervising national banks and thrift institutions;
• Advising on domestic and international financial, monetary, economic, trade and tax policy (fiscal policy being the sum of these, and the ultimate responsibility of Congress);
• Enforcing federal finance and tax laws;
• Investigating and prosecuting tax evaders;
• Publishing statistical reports.